Macroscale double networks: highly dissipative soft composites
نویسندگان
چکیده
Hydrogels contain large amounts of water, making them useful in biomaterial applications. However, their inherent softness prevents direct use load-bearing By incorporating toughening mechanisms through the double network concept, mechanical properties hydrogels have been greatly improved. In this Focus Review, our goal is to consider recent attempts achieve hydrogel composites with further improved strength and toughness that could lead development prosthetic biomaterials. We outline way which concept improves gels specific traits are enabled. next review current literature on soft composites, noting reinforcement often differ from summarize types these materials can achieve. also highlight difficulties working versus simple elastomers. Finally, we look at a subset utilize mechanism analogous macroscale. Macroscale networks provide unique opportunity improve all for wide range Sacrificial bonds break dissipate energy increase materials. Incorporating sacrificial into process enabled first extremely tough hydrogels. discuss nature bonds, how they be used macroscale enable composite matching essence make biomedical engineering
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Polymer Journal
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['0032-3896', '1349-0540']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-022-00646-8